高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程當(dāng)中繞不開(kāi)的語(yǔ)法。要學(xué)好英語(yǔ),除了單詞,還要學(xué)好時(shí)態(tài)。下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你帶來(lái)關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),希望對(duì)你有幫助!
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
?、俦硎究陀^事實(shí)或普通真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100oC.
②表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞;表示經(jīng)?;蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知覺(jué)、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如:
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
?、茉跁r(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會(huì),我的家人會(huì)非常高興。
?、萆贁?shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排,肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)2一般過(guò)去時(shí)
?、僖话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法:表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示);用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣;表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過(guò)去式。如:
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
?、谌绻麖木渲杏幸粋€(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生,但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用過(guò)去式。如:
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型:
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)3一般將來(lái)時(shí)
?、俦硎疚磥?lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall + 動(dòng)詞(常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)邊用如tomorrow、next week等)。
②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
We’ll die without air or water.
?、郾硎沮呄蛐袨榈膭?dòng)詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)。
?、躡e going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別:
be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事,這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備;shall / will do表示未事先考慮過(guò),即說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。
be going to 表將來(lái),不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中;而will則能,表意愿。如:
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正確)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯(cuò)誤)
be to do sth.表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
?、俦硎菊f(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作;表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí);表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃;go、come等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如:
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用,表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩)
?、谙旅嫠念?lèi)動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(A)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的動(dòng)詞:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)5過(guò)去完成時(shí)
?、俪S眠^(guò)去完成時(shí)的幾種情況:(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned … + to have done。(C)“時(shí)間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí);“時(shí)間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
?、谠赽efore或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)6過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
參照一般將來(lái)時(shí)對(duì)比:用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái);come、go、leave等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí);was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái)。
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)7過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
?、龠^(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。
?、谀骋粍?dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for、since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用外,還可以和下面的介詞短語(yǔ)連用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
?、谙铝芯湫椭谐S矛F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
It is (has been) + 一段時(shí)間 + since從句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成時(shí)
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成時(shí)
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 從句 + 完成時(shí)
③在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如:
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)9時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別
?、僖话氵^(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):時(shí)間上有差異:凡有過(guò)去時(shí)間的均用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),不能用完成時(shí)態(tài),如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
結(jié)果上有差異:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系。
?、谶^(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí):過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;如出現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。
2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:be + 過(guò)去分詞,口語(yǔ)只也有用get / become + 過(guò)去分詞表示。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法:不知道或沒(méi)必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略)。
(1)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
?、僦鲃?dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語(yǔ)的變化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的)不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
?、鄱陶Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過(guò)去分詞。
⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式:(A)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。(B)用it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類(lèi)似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
(2)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況。
?、偎械牟患拔飫?dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。
?、诒硎緺顟B(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have、own、belong to等。
?、鼙硎?ldquo;希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
?、葙e語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
?、拶e語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ),不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
?、哂行﹦?dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,特別是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
(3)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
?、佼?dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.這些小說(shuō)不暢銷(xiāo)。
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。
The door won’t lock.門(mén)鎖不上。
The fish smells good.魚(yú)聞起來(lái)香。
②當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。
④be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
?、菰?ldquo;be + 形容詞 + to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ),用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。
(4)被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。
?、賐e seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。
?、赽e hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門(mén)后。
③be lost迷路
?、躡e drunk喝醉
?、輇e dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
(5)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如:
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))