英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的疑問(wèn)代詞用法
疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。接下來(lái),小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的疑問(wèn)代詞用法,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的疑問(wèn)代詞用法
1)疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè):
指人:who,whom,whose
指物:what
既可指人又可指物:which
2)疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒(méi)有格的變化。what,which,whose還可作限定詞。試比較:
疑問(wèn)代詞:Whose are these books on the desk?
桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial1 expansion?
美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?
限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?
說(shuō)明1:
無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞,which 和what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如:
Which girls do you like best?
你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?
說(shuō)明2:
Whom是who的賓格,在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,它作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom,例如:
Who(m)did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了誰(shuí)?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))
Who(m)are you taking the book to?
你要把這書(shū)帶給誰(shuí)?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校園里和誰(shuí)講話了?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)
說(shuō)明3:
疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,疑問(wèn)代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如:
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)
What are you looking for?
你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ))
說(shuō)明4:
疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如:
I can’t make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰(shuí)的嗎?
Much of what you say I agree with,but I cannot go all the way with you.
你說(shuō)的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。
擴(kuò)展:指示代詞的用法
1)指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞:This girl is Mary. Those men are myteachers.
代 詞:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2)指示代詞的句法功能;
a. 作主語(yǔ)
This is the way to do it.
這事兒就該這樣做。
b. 作賓語(yǔ)
I like this better than that.
我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
c. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
My point is this.
我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
d. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)
I don’t say no to that.
我并未拒絕那個(gè)。
There is no fear1 of that.
那并不可怕。
說(shuō)明1:
指示代詞在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(對(duì))That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。(that作主語(yǔ),指人)
(對(duì))He is going2 to marry3 this girl. 他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this. (this作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì))I bought this. 我買(mǎi)這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語(yǔ))
說(shuō)明2:
That和those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較:
(對(duì)) He admired4 that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well. (that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)
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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的疑問(wèn)代詞用法
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