完整的雅思作文寫(xiě)作步驟介紹
在雅思寫(xiě)作考試中，要在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成所有的寫(xiě)作，對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)一定要規(guī)劃好自己寫(xiě)作的每一步。接下來(lái)小編為大家介紹一下雅思寫(xiě)作的幾個(gè)步驟，包括從框架搭建到內(nèi)容填充方面，我們都需要注意什么?我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下。
完整的雅思作文寫(xiě)作步驟介紹
雅思寫(xiě)作步驟之一：框架構(gòu)建
雅思寫(xiě)作考試主要體型分類為：IDO模式(introduction discussion opinion即引入觀點(diǎn)，正反論證和提出結(jié)論)，PES模式(phenomenon explanation solutions 即現(xiàn)象描述，解釋說(shuō)明和問(wèn)題解決)和issue模式(to what extant do you agree or disagree)。
所以考生在考試前有必要把每個(gè)模塊的表達(dá)句型準(zhǔn)備好，最好形成自己的模塊，只要考到該考點(diǎn)都用相應(yīng)的模式去寫(xiě)作，這是第一步。
下面以最?？嫉膇ssue為例給大家一個(gè)范本，以有保留的肯定作為基本立場(chǎng)，在此僅供各位做一個(gè)基本的參考：
I agree with the speaker’s broad assertion that…. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace…. My points of contention with the speaker involve…, as discussed below.
I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all, ….
While…, at the same time we should be circumspect about…. After all,….
The speaker’s assertion is troubling in two other respects as well. First, …. Secondly… . For instance…
In sum, the speaker’s assertion that… begs the question, because…. As for the broader assertion, I agree that…. Nevertheless, …. In the final analysis, given … we are forced to strike a balance in how we ….
當(dāng)然，這里只是給大家一個(gè)例子，究竟如何總結(jié)這個(gè)框架，和考生平時(shí)閱讀是分不開(kāi)的。可以從美文的范文或者官方給出的樣文中自己提煉出屬于自己的框架，但最重要的是要在平時(shí)針對(duì)不同的考試題目來(lái)反復(fù)熟練的使用這個(gè)模塊，才能保證自己在考場(chǎng)上能夠熟悉自如地使用這個(gè)寫(xiě)作思路。
雅思寫(xiě)作步驟之二：內(nèi)容填實(shí)
如何填實(shí)中間段落的內(nèi)容，主要從兩個(gè)方面入手，一個(gè)是要掌握常見(jiàn)題目的觀點(diǎn)以及論據(jù)，另一個(gè)是要掌握常見(jiàn)的論證手段。下面分別做簡(jiǎn)單介紹。
常見(jiàn)觀點(diǎn)的準(zhǔn)備是非常重要的，一定要針對(duì)雅思考試常考查的話題做考前總結(jié)，做到熟悉話題，針對(duì)話題能夠提出相應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)，并且能自如的用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)和例子。常見(jiàn)的考試話題范圍做如下總結(jié)和歸納，希望考生考前做好應(yīng)對(duì)準(zhǔn)備：animal experiments; censorship; compete or play; youth drug abuse; e-book or p-book; female juvenile crime; intelligent machines replacement; mandatory retirement age; overweight; corporal punishments; littering problems; evaluate and criticize teachers; cities are becoming lager; the Olympic games; TV and children; vegetarian diet or eating meat; honest and white lies; taking a gap year; capital punishment; job-hopping; censorship of the internet; the disappearance of language and culture; marijuana; government subsidize artists and musicians.
這里給大家羅列了常見(jiàn)的話題，大家做好充分的準(zhǔn)備是非常有必要的，可以每個(gè)話題通過(guò)同意和反對(duì)或者現(xiàn)象解釋解決等角度總結(jié)常見(jiàn)的詞匯和表達(dá)。
當(dāng)然準(zhǔn)備一些通用性的觀點(diǎn)也是非常有必要的，比如各位考生在考試沒(méi)有太充分準(zhǔn)備的觀點(diǎn)是可以從如下幾個(gè)方面加以考慮的：經(jīng)濟(jì)、時(shí)間、健康、方便、心理、感情、權(quán)利、環(huán)境、文化和道德。
提出觀點(diǎn)后剩下的是需要論證觀點(diǎn)了，要掌握常見(jiàn)的論證手段：比如數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果、引用權(quán)威、逸聞趣事、實(shí)際事例、調(diào)查采訪等等。這些段落也需要模塊化，事先做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，考試的時(shí)候可以直接使用模塊，替換內(nèi)容即可。下面以引用權(quán)威的名人名言為例給大家做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介紹：
To illustrate it profoundly and comprehensively, I would like to cite what one of my favorite writers Francis Bacon ever mentioned: Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. We can easily build up an accurate picture of implications behind his/her words.
考試可以按照需要替換內(nèi)容，從而達(dá)到模塊化過(guò)程。其他的例子限于篇幅不一一展開(kāi)，這里主要呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)基本思路。
雅思寫(xiě)作步驟之三：語(yǔ)言改錯(cuò)
很多中國(guó)考生雅思寫(xiě)作得到較低分?jǐn)?shù)，其中一個(gè)很重要的原因就是里面犯了大量的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，這里講給大家列出一個(gè)check list，希望同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)完自己的文章以后針對(duì)這幾個(gè)方面給自己做改錯(cuò)練習(xí)，長(zhǎng)期訓(xùn)練將有效提高各位考生的寫(xiě)作質(zhì)量：
名詞：名詞的可數(shù)單數(shù)一定不能單獨(dú)存在。注意單復(fù)數(shù)等基本問(wèn)題。
動(dòng)詞：時(shí)刻注意“與時(shí)俱進(jìn)”，任何時(shí)候用動(dòng)詞都要想清楚時(shí)態(tài)的使用。被動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)不要出錯(cuò)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞使用也要格外注意，不要出錯(cuò)。
句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面：一定要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整性，不要出現(xiàn)run-on句子，一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，每加一個(gè)動(dòng)詞就要加一個(gè)連詞，注意關(guān)系代詞和副詞的正確使用。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)注意主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
修飾關(guān)系：動(dòng)詞和形容詞一定要用副詞修飾，這個(gè)至關(guān)重要，很多考生犯錯(cuò)誤。
其他的小語(yǔ)法方面：主謂一致，序數(shù)詞和計(jì)數(shù)詞，代詞和介詞的使用正確性。
雅思寫(xiě)作步驟之四：語(yǔ)言包裝
語(yǔ)言包裝能夠讓語(yǔ)言生色不少，所以考前準(zhǔn)備常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言包裝技巧也相當(dāng)重要。有很多方面都能提升自己的語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量：比如長(zhǎng)句擴(kuò)充，短句融合，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，詞匯多樣性;強(qiáng)調(diào)句，倒裝句，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和插入語(yǔ)都是非常出色的語(yǔ)言，可以大大增加文章的可讀性，也能夠滿足雅思寫(xiě)作的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即詞匯的多樣性和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。
詞匯多樣性即準(zhǔn)備常見(jiàn)的雅思寫(xiě)作中高頻使用的表達(dá)法，比如重要、比較、破壞、進(jìn)展、吸引等表達(dá)法。句型多樣性上面也給大家舉了一些例子，下面以分詞為例，給大家做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介紹如何準(zhǔn)備語(yǔ)言包裝技能。
假設(shè)考試會(huì)寫(xiě)兩個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的主謂賓的句子，通過(guò)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以融合成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，這個(gè)過(guò)程也是可以模塊化的：A do1. A do2. 我們可以表達(dá)成doing1, A do2. 這樣一個(gè)本來(lái)很短的兩個(gè)句子融合在一起了，而且使用了復(fù)雜的分詞句型，表達(dá)更具有可讀性。例如I get up in the morning. I go to school happily. 可以轉(zhuǎn)化成: getting up in the morning, I go to school happily. 如果要想再升一級(jí)，可以把分詞作為插入語(yǔ)，即變成A, doing1, do2.更加增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量。
雅思寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)如何找：權(quán)利自由原則
動(dòng)物：
It is a breach of their natural rights to take them by force into captivity for our own purposes.
Animals have the right to be treated as beings of value in themselves, not as the means to human ends.
死刑：
The right to life is inviolable and protected by law.
One human right is the right to life and taking a life away by execution is cruel, inhumane and degrading.
極限運(yùn)動(dòng)：
People should be free to participate in activities with others as long as it does not affect the safety of non-participants.
攝像機(jī)：
They feel that being watched constantly is like being in a jail, and that ordinary people are losing their freedom because of these devices.
強(qiáng)迫老年人退休：
Compulsorily retiring old employees can affect the older individual’s freedom - and right - to work and can deprive society of valuable experience and insights.
禁酒：
Banning alcohol infringes people’s civil liberties to an unacceptable degree.
禁煙：
While a government has a responsibility to protect its population, it also has a responsibility to defend their freedom of choice.
新聞審查：
Banning advertisements is a severe restriction upon freedom of speech.
We have accepted that freedom of expression should have limits.
The risks of stifling free expression far outweigh the potential for unacceptable material.
An individual's rights end when they impinge on the safety and rights of others.
媒體報(bào)道名人：
Famous people deserve privacy and respect.
Although, generally speaking, the media should not interfere in people’s private lives, there are times when it is correct to do so.
母親在家?guī)Ш⒆樱?/p>
Mothers should have as much freedom as anyone else in society to decide what is best for them and their children.
If they feel that the child would be best educated at home, by them or by another, that is their right.
控制人口：
They feel that this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves.
分開(kāi)教育：
Among these opponents are “equal education” advocates, who argue that every student has the same right to enjoying high quality education regardless of gender, race, wealth, and most importantly, regardless of their minor differences in intellectual abilities.
資助藝術(shù)：
So-called "elite culture" should be available for all to enjoy, and not just confined to the rich.
雅思寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)如何找：文化原則
1)文化重要性
捕鯨：
Whale hunting is an important aspect of some people’s cultural heritage.
建筑：
Architecture is part of a country’s cultural heritage.
語(yǔ)言：
Language is a type of cultural heritage.
Language is often seen as a badge of identity and more conflict may be created if the global community is seen to prefer one language to another.
電視：
Television is mostly directed to films and shows that have commercial purposes but little cultural value.
旅游：
It is not purely ecosystems which are damaged by the pressure of consumption (e.g. by sewage output or pressure on water resources), but also ancient monuments or heritage sites.
2)文化多元性
電視：
It changes our society for the worse, making us all conform to a bland, "Hollywood" model of entertainment in which regional traditions and diversity are lost.
語(yǔ)言：
The diversity of languages is endlessly fascinating.
政府資助藝術(shù)：
Subsidised companies can afford to take more risks and to experiment, enabling new styles and forms of art to emerge and to become popular.
旅游：
Tourism demands that an area conform to a certain stereotyped image, requiring the local inhabitants to make a caricature of their own culture.
寄宿學(xué)校：(多樣性)
Spending all your time in school restricts the circle of people you come into contact with.
Interaction with other pupils is a crucial element of a child’s development
體育：
PE is an aspect of school being about more than just book learning – it is about educating the whole person, a holistic education that betters us in an all-round sense, rather than a merely academic experience.
雅思寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)如何找：道義原則
捕鯨：
Killing whales for human use is morally wrong.
Modern whaling is humane, especially compared to the factory farming of animals like chickens, cow and pigs, (themselves a relatively intelligent and social species).
捕獵：
Traditional hunting methods are often particularly cruel.
Overall, however, the essential point is that it is morally wrong to kill animals for pleasure and no amount of economic benefits can make that right.
動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)：
We need to make sure that the millions of animals who are used for testing new products are treated with the minimum of suffering. Although some animal testing may be unavoidable at present, treating our fellow creatures as mercifully as possible will demonstrate our humanity.
Those against the use of animal testing claim that it is inhumane to use animals in experiments. I disagree completely. It would be much more inhumane to test new drugs on children or adults.
治療還是教育：
Obviously, there is a strong human argument for catching any medical condition as early as possible.
雅思寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)如何找：教育原則
電視：
Many scientific and cultural programs are shown on television, which give new educational opportunities for our society.
動(dòng)物園：
Zoos nowadays are not marketed as places of entertainment - they are places of education.
博物館免費(fèi)：
Free and cheap access to the arts is crucial for education.
死刑：
By executing criminals you are ruling out the possibility of rehabilitation.
Some criminals are beyond rehabilitation;
怎樣控制人口：
This could be done by a process of education that points out the way a small family can mean an improved quality of life for the family members, as well as less strain on the country’s, perhaps very limited, resources.
童工：
If learning responsibilities and work experience are considered to be important, then children can acquire these by having light, part-time jobs or even doing tasks such as helping their parents around the family home, which are unpaid, but undoubtedly of value in children’s development.
課外活動(dòng)：
If they cannot play make-believe games, how can they develop their imagination? How can they learn physical co-ordination or learn important social lessons about winning and losing if they do not practice any sports?
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